Senior Cat Care: Keeping Your Aging Cat Healthy and Happy
As cats age, their needs change, and they may require extra care to stay comfortable and healthy. Senior cats (typically 8 years and older) are more prone to health issues, but with regular veterinary care and a few adjustments at home, they can enjoy a high quality of life well into their golden years.
Common Health Problems in Senior Cats
Older cats are at risk for a variety of health conditions, including:
- Arthritis – Joint pain and stiffness that can affect mobility.
- Vision & Hearing Impairment – Reduced eyesight and hearing loss can impact a cat’s behavior.
- Organ Problems – Kidney disease, thyroid disease, heart disease, lung issues, and bladder problems are common in senior cats.
How to Tell If Your Senior Cat Is in Pain or Discomfort
Cats are experts at hiding pain, but look for these signs:
- Decreased activity or reluctance to jump.
- Hiding more often or avoiding interaction.
- Over-grooming or neglecting grooming altogether.
- Changes in appetite or weight.
- Increased vocalization (meowing more than usual).
- Difficulty using the litter box.
If you notice any of these symptoms, schedule a vet visit to address potential pain management options.
Senior Cat Nutrition: What Should They Eat?
A senior cat’s diet should:
- Be high in protein to maintain muscle mass.
- Contain omega-3 fatty acids to support joint health.
- Be low in phosphorus if kidney disease is a concern.
- Include adequate fiber to support digestion.
- Be moist or wet food-based to promote hydration.
Your vet may recommend a senior-specific diet or a prescription diet based on your cat’s health needs.
How Often Should a Senior Cat See the Vet?
Senior cats should visit the vet at least twice a year for wellness exams, even if they appear healthy. Routine bloodwork and urinalysis can help detect early signs of kidney disease, thyroid issues, or diabetes.
Vaccinations for Senior Cats
Your veterinarian may adjust your senior cat’s vaccination schedule based on age, health, and lifestyle. Core vaccines like rabies and feline distemper (FVRCP) are still important, while others, such as feline leukemia (FeLV), may be reconsidered based on risk factors.
Signs of Arthritis in Senior Cats
- Difficulty jumping onto furniture.
- Stiffness, especially after resting.
- Hesitation before using stairs or climbing.
- Increased sleeping or reluctance to move.
How to Help: Provide soft bedding, ramps, and joint supplements to improve comfort. Your vet may also recommend pain management options such as medications or laser therapy.
Managing Your Senior Cat’s Weight
- If your cat is overweight: Portion control, increased activity, and a vet-approved diet can help.
- If your cat is underweight: Check for underlying health issues such as hyperthyroidism or kidney disease. Adding high-calorie supplements may help.
Dental Problems in Senior Cats
Older cats often develop:
- Gingivitis & periodontal disease – Can lead to tooth loss and infections.
- Tooth resorption – Painful erosion of the tooth structure.
Regular dental exams, professional cleanings, and at-home care like dental treats, oral rinses, or brushing can help maintain oral health.
Monitoring Kidney Health in Senior Cats
Kidney disease is common in older cats. Signs include:
- Increased thirst and urination.
- Weight loss and decreased appetite.
- Vomiting or bad breath.
Routine bloodwork and urine tests help catch kidney disease early. Special diets and increased hydration can slow its progression.
Behavior Changes to Watch for in Senior Cats
- Increased vocalization (especially at night).
- Confusion or staring at walls.
- Changes in litter box habits.
- Decreased social interaction.
These could be signs of cognitive decline, pain, or illness and should be discussed with your vet.
Making Your Home Comfortable for a Senior Cat
- Provide soft bedding to cushion achy joints.
- Use litter boxes with low sides for easier access.
- Place ramps or steps to help with climbing.
- Keep food and water in easily accessible locations.
Managing Incontinence in Senior Cats
If your senior cat is having accidents, rule out medical conditions like urinary tract infections or kidney disease. Waterproof bedding, extra litter boxes, and frequent cleaning can help manage incontinence.
Helping a Senior Cat with Vision or Hearing Loss
- Keep their environment consistent—avoid moving furniture.
- Use nightlights to help them navigate in the dark.
- Clap or tap the floor instead of calling their name if they are losing their hearing.
Signs of Cognitive Decline (Feline Dementia)
- Disorientation or staring into space.
- Altered sleep-wake cycles.
- Forgetting how to use the litter box.
- Increased anxiety or restlessness.
Managing cognitive decline involves routine, environmental enrichment, and possibly medications recommended by your vet.
Managing Medications for Senior Cats
- Use pill pockets or liquid formulations for easier administration.
- Create a medication schedule to ensure consistency.
- Talk to your vet about combining medications or alternative treatment options.
Keeping Senior Cats Hydrated
- Offer wet food or add water to dry food.
- Use pet water fountains to encourage drinking.
- Provide multiple water bowls throughout your home.
Helping a Senior Cat Gain Weight
If your senior cat is losing weight:
- Switch to high-calorie senior food.
- Warm up food to enhance the aroma.
- Offer small, frequent meals throughout the day.
Sudden weight loss should be evaluated by a vet, as it can signal underlying health problems.
Providing Mental Stimulation for Older Cats
- Introduce food puzzles to keep their mind active.
- Offer cat-safe window perches for watching birds.
- Use gentle play to keep them engaged.
Monitoring Your Senior Cat’s Health at Home
- Track weight and appetite changes.
- Monitor litter box habits (urine output, stool consistency).
- Watch for changes in behavior, activity, and socialization.
- Regularly check hydration and skin condition.
If you notice any concerning signs, schedule a vet appointment for early intervention.
Hospice Care for Senior Cats
Hospice care focuses on comfort and quality of life for aging or terminally ill cats. Pain management, fluid therapy, and home modifications can help keep them comfortable.
When to Consider End-of-Life Care
If your cat’s pain, appetite, mobility, and quality of life are severely declining, it may be time to discuss humane options with your vet. Quality-of-life assessments can help guide your decision.
Compassionate Senior Cat Care at Willowbrook Veterinary Hospital
We understand how special senior cats are and are here to support you in giving them the best care possible. Schedule a senior wellness exam today to help your cat age gracefully and comfortably.
Please give us a call at the office at (503) 968-2911, or you can email us at [email protected]. Our staff would love to talk with you!